Effect of grapeseed oil on diazinon-induced physiological and histopathological alterations in rats

The pollution of environment by toxic chemicals is a global and chronic problem. Human health risk due to exposure to chemical pollutants is constantly increasing. Pesticides form major toxic chemicals in environment. Scientifically, there is an obviously correlation between the exposure to pesticides and appearance of many diseases. Currently, the significance of natural products for health and medicine has been formidable. The present study investigated the effect of grapeseed oil in male rats exposed to diazinon. The experimental rats were divided into five groups. The rats of the first group were served as control. The experimental animals of the second group were exposed to diazinon (DZN). The animals of the third group were supplemented with grapeseed oil and treated with DZN. The rats of the fourth group were supplemented with grapeseed oil. The experimental rats of the fifth group were supplemented with corn oil. Hematobiochemical and histopathological evaluations were chosen as indicators of DZN toxicity and protective role of grapeseed oil. In rats exposed only to DZN, the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low density lipoprotein cholesterol, creatinine, urea nitrogen, uric acid, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase were statistically increased, while the level of serum total protein was significantly decreased. Moreover, the histopathological evaluations of the liver, kidney and testis showed that DZN causes several severe alterations. Pretreatment with grapeseed oil exhibited a protective role against DZN toxicity which confirmed by the inhibition of hematobiochemical and histopathological changes due to DZN exposure. Additionally, the present study suggests that the effect of grapeseed oil supplementation against DZN toxicity may be attributed to the antioxidant role of its constituents.     

崔尚志中西医结合生平及思想

崔尚志（1924—1989）,辽宁名医,中西医结合的开拓者,活血化瘀研究的先驱者,毕生从事中西医结合防治冠心病的临床与研究。他参与研制了“冠心1号”等制剂,通过临床系列研究,总结其疗效规律,并率先开展动物实验研究,探讨中药制剂防治冠心病的作用机制。他主张中医“辨病”“辨证”与西医“辨病”相结合的方法辨证论治,以《内经》理论指导冠心病治疗,将冠心病辨为“心痹”病,分别气滞血瘀、气虚血瘀两大主证,并根据冠心病临床合并症不同,再分为阴虚阳亢等八个兼证。     

纳米药物载体靶向治疗脑胶质瘤的现状及前景展望

脑胶质瘤在成人原发脑肿瘤中居首位,目前的治疗手段疗效较差,手术切除后复发率高,而化疗药物不能有效的穿透血脑屏障并聚集在肿瘤部位。纳米材料作为载药体为其治疗开辟了新的思路,纳米材料在保持药物稳定性,增加其血液循环时间方面有明显优势。但目前纳米材料还存在着一些亟待解决的问题,如穿透血脑屏障(BBB)、准确靶向于脑胶质瘤细胞等。本文简略论述了纳米材料载药的特性及优势,重点就目前纳米材料载药所面临的问题进行综述,总结了纳米药物穿透血脑屏障的多种策略及纳米药物靶向于脑胶质瘤的不同方式,并详细讨论了目前纳米材料载药多重靶向策略,对其未来的发展进行展望。     

阿托伐他汀早期干预对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血脂及炎症因子水平的影响

目的:探讨早期阿托伐他汀钙片干预对2型糖尿病合并高血压患者血脂水平和炎症指标的影响。方法:选择2014年5月-2015年5月我院收治的2型糖尿病合并高血压患者130例,根据治疗方法不同,将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组各65例。对照组采取常规降压及降糖药物治疗,研究组在此基础上应用阿托伐他汀钙片。观察两组患者治疗前后血脂水平、高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)及白介素-18(IL-18)的变化情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患者治疗前后的甘油三脂(TG)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组患者hs-CRP、IL-6及IL-18水平均较治疗前降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);两组不良反应的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿托伐他汀钙片可以有效改善2型糖尿病合并高血压患者的血脂水症,降低血清炎症因子的表达,值得临床推广应用。     

法舒地尔对单纯急性心肌梗死大鼠心肌形态学、心肌酶学及血液流变学的影响

目的:探讨法舒地尔对单纯急性心肌梗死模型大鼠心肌形态学、心肌酶学及血液流变学变化的影响。方法:将40只Wistar大鼠分为空白组、假手术组、治疗组和模型组。治疗组给予法舒地尔0.01 m L/g,股静脉注射,其余各组给予生理盐水。治疗结束后检测各组大鼠心肌形态学、心肌酶学及血液流变学各指标。结果:与其余各组相比,治疗组大鼠各指标均显著改善,空白组与假手术组各指标水平无显著差异(P0.05),治疗组具体表现为:CK、LDH、ASH水平明显降低(P0.05);PAR、PAG水平均明显改善,与模型组相比明显降低;HCT、ESR水平明显降低(P0.05);MIS水平明显下降(P0.05)。结论:法舒地尔能够明显改善单纯急性心肌梗死模型大鼠的心肌形态学、心肌酶学及血液流变学各指标,对临床有指导意义。     

发酵生产龙血竭中龙血素A和B的分析

以高效液相色谱法,检测血竭诱导菌在不同发酵时间下发酵龙血树干粉和龙血树愈伤组织的产物中龙血素A和龙血素B的含量。干粉发酵产物中,龙血素A的含量大于愈伤组织发酵产物中的含量,并且在第四周时达到最大值0.253 mg/g;龙血素B在第三周时达最大值0.519 mg/g。愈伤组织发酵产物也含有少量的龙血素A和龙血素B。虽然发酵产物中的龙血素B远远高于龙血树根、茎、叶中的含量,但还是低于0.4%的质量标准,因此不能应用于生产。     

两种自发性2型糖尿病小鼠生物学特性比较

目的分别以C57BL/6JSlac和C57BL/KsJ-db/＋表型正常小鼠为对照组,比较自发性2型糖尿病KK-Ay/Ta和C57BL/KsJ-db/db小鼠的体生长曲线、糖代谢曲线、血清胰岛素水平、主要脏器重量、脏器系数等生物学特性的差异,并探讨其肾脏、肝脏和胰腺等组织病理学变化。方法在各自实验周期内,每2周测定实验组和对照组小鼠的体重、血糖以及血清胰岛素水平,实验结束后处死,脏器、脂肪称重,部分组织制作病理切片。结果 （1）KK小鼠体重远高于db/db小鼠,且同品系间雄性小鼠重于雌性小鼠（P〈0.05）;（2）同品系间雄性小鼠的血糖值明显大于雌性小鼠（P〈0.05）,db/db小鼠出现血糖异常症状比KK小鼠早,且血糖值大于KK小鼠（P〈0.05）,而KK小鼠血糖异常持续时间则较db/db小鼠长;（3）KK小鼠的血清胰岛素水平明显高于db/db小鼠（P〈0.05）,同品系雌雄小鼠间没有明显差异（P〉0.05）;（4）雄性KK小鼠脂肪系数及部分脏器萎缩程度大于雌性,而db/db小鼠雌雄间则无明显差异（P〉0.05）,同时db/db小鼠脾脏和胰腺的萎缩程度及脂肪系数大于KK小鼠（P〈0.05）,而KK小鼠肝脏的萎缩程度则大于db/db小鼠;（5）糖尿病模型小鼠肾脏、肝脏以及胰腺组织均出现明显病变。结论 KK-Ay/Ta和C57BL/KsJ-db/db小鼠均是肥胖的,伴有高血糖、高度胰岛素抵抗,肝脏、肾脏病变和胰岛功能不足的适用性2型糖尿病动物模型,且db/db小鼠血糖出现异常比KK小鼠早、脂肪系数大,而KK小鼠血糖异常持续时间较db/db小鼠长,同时血清胰岛素水平远大于db/db小鼠。     

转基因DT40细胞导入早期鸡胚后的分布及绿色荧光蛋白表达的研究

目的为了研究经过基因修饰的体细胞导入到禽类胚胎以后,供体细胞及外源基因是否能在受体胚胎中成活并且外源基因是否可以长期表达。方法筛选得到稳定整合绿色荧光蛋白基因的鸡DT40细胞作为外源蛋白的运载工具,通过血管微注射的方法将其导入到于38.5℃温度条件下孵化65～70 h的鸡胚中,并将操作后的鸡胚在原孵化条件下继续孵化。在孵化的不同时期取移植了DT40细胞的嵌合体胚胎在荧光显微镜下观察荧光细胞的存活与分布情况。并通过PCR以及免疫组织化学方法检测供体细胞在受体中的位置以及绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况。结果荧光标记的DT40细胞可以存活于受体不同的组织器官中,包括：脑、心脏、肝脏等。导入胚胎的整合外源基因的DT40细胞可以存活到胚胎出雏之前,并且外源基因能够正常表达。结论可以通过此方法将外源基因导入到受体中,并使目的蛋白在受体胚胎中持续表达,为胚胎期导入外源蛋白诱导免疫耐受的研究以及将转基因细胞移植到动物体内生产目的蛋白的研究提供科学依据和技术平台。     

婴幼儿病毒性脑炎并发神经源性肺水肿血糖及电解质检测的意义

目的探讨婴幼儿病毒性脑炎并发神经源性肺水肿(neurogenic pulmonary edema,NPE)血糖、血清电解质的变化及与病情发展的关系。方法选择2008年6月至2010年11月蚌埠医学院第一附属医院收治的婴幼儿病毒性脑炎患儿19例为研究对象,依据患儿是否并发NPE分为2组,NPE组9例,非NPE组10例。以入院后第1次静脉血的血糖和电解质为评价标准,并应用t检验和四格表资料的Fisher确切概率法,进行血糖和血清电解质比较。结果 NPE组患儿血糖水平[(19.24±9.64)mmol/L]显著高于非NPE组[(4.90±1.11)mmol/L](t=4.44,P<0.01),而血钙水平[(1.75±0.32)mmol/L]显著低于非NPE组[(2.37±0.17)mmol/L](t=-5.31,P<0.01)。NPE组高血糖和低钙血症发生率远大于非NPE组(P<0.01)。2组血清钾、钠、氯变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论婴幼儿病毒性脑炎并发NPE可引起血糖改变和电解质紊乱。高血糖和低钙血症是导致NPE的危险因素,早期检测血糖及血钙水平可作为判断婴幼儿病毒性脑炎并发NPE病情和预后的有效指标。     

Flies without Trehalose

Living organisms adapt to environmental changes through metabolic homeostasis. Sugars are used primarily for the metabolic production of ATP energy and carbon sources. Trehalose is a nonreducing disaccharide that is present in many organisms. In insects, the principal hemolymph sugar is trehalose instead of glucose. As in mammals, hemolymph sugar levels in Drosophila are regulated by the action of endocrine hormones. Therefore, the mobilization of trehalose to glucose is thought to be critical for metabolic homeostasis. However, the physiological role of trehalose as a hemolymph sugar during insect development remains largely unclear. Here, we demonstrate that mutants of the trehalose-synthesizing enzyme Tps1 failed to produce trehalose as expected but survived into the late pupal period and died before eclosion. Larvae without trehalose grew normally, with a slight reduction in body size, under normal food conditions. However, these larvae were extremely sensitive to starvation, possibly due to a local defect in the central nervous system. Furthermore, Tps1 mutant larvae failed to grow on a low-sugar diet and exhibited severe growth defects on a low-protein diet. These diet-dependent phenotypes of Tps1 mutants demonstrate the critical role of trehalose during development in Drosophila and reveal how animals adapt to changes in nutrient availability.